Meesha ilaa 90% dhammaan muraayadaha indhaha adduunka lagu sameeyo waa Shiinaha.Japanese waxay sameeyaan qaar ka mid ah muraayadaha indhaha ugu fiican adduunka, waa farsamoyaqaanno run ah.Talyaanigu sidoo kale wuu fiican yahay, laakiin Shiinuhu wuxuu noqday meesha ugu horreeya ee tayada, qiimaha, iyo kalsoonida 20kii sano ee la soo dhaafay ama wax ka badan.Inta badan kuwa Jabbaan, Faransiis iyo Talyaani wax soo saara dhamaantood waxay ku leeyihiin shuraako ama xafiisyo Shiinaha.Mazzucelli, oo ah soo saaraha caanka ah ee Acetate-ka ee Talyaaniga, ayaa ah hawlgalka ugu weyn…. Shiinaha.Xafiiska ugu weyn ee OBE iyo comotech ee Jarmalka ayaa sidoo kale ku yaal Shiinaha, alaab-qeybiyeyaasha muraayadaha waaweyn ee Zeiss, Sola, PPG, Essilor dhamaantood hadda waxay ku sugan yihiin Shiinaha.
Dhammaan agabka, agabka, mishiinada iyo injineerada hadda waxay yaalaan Shiinaha, ma diidi kartid taas.Inkasta oo ay weli jirto urur xun oo si raqiis ah loo sameeyo alaabta Shiinaha, runta ayaa ah Shiinuhu wuxuu sameeyaa iPhone, samaynta alaabooyinka ugu horumarsan adduunka oo dhan deegaanka oo dhan ayaa jira oo qofna ma garaaci karo.
Shaki kuma jiro in dadka intiisa badan ay ogyihiin inay aadaan Shiinaha si ay u helaan alaab-qeybiyaha muraayadaha indhaha ama warshad si ay u daboolaan baahida kor u kaca ee waddankooda ee da 'kasta leh waqtiga dhijitaalka ah ee kobcaya.Laakiin su'aashu waxay tahay sida loo helo mid sax ah?Gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro cudurka faafa, ma aadi karaan Shiinaha si ay uga helaan alaab-qeybiyeyaal wanaagsan.Qofna ma dhihi karo dhammaan alaab-qeybiyeyaasha Shiinaha waa qumman yihiin oo la isku halayn karo.
Si aad u caawiso dad badan oo raba inay galaan ganacsiga indho-xidhka oo raba inay fahmaan warshadaha indho-shareerka ee Shiinaha,Dhererka indhahawaxay samayn doontaa sharraxaad guud marka la raaco maqaallo dhowr ah oo ka mid ah warshadaha indha-indhaynta ee Shiinaha oo ku salaysan sanadaha waayo-aragnimada iyo fahamka warshadaha, waxaana rajeynayaa, inay caawin doonto qof walba.
Helitaanka soo saaraha saxda ah ee alaabta muraayadaha indhaha waxay u ekaan kartaa hawl adag, laakiin maaha inay noqoto.Waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo aad ku heli karto alaab-qeybiyahaaga Unicorn
Malaha sababta ugu weyn ee dadku aysan u soo saarin muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha waa iyaga oo garan la' sida loo helo soo saaraha saxda ah ee muraayadaha ay u baahan yihiin.Waxay noqon karaanka walaacsan tayada, hababka lacag-bixinta, u hoggaansanaanta bulshada, shahaadada ISO, iwm. iyo si sax ah, laakiin walaacyadan ayaa ah kuwo fudud in la baabi'iyo marka aad ogaato waxa la raadinayo.Wax soo saarka Shiinaha waxay u egtahay inay si aad ah ugu urursan tahay gobollo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay alaabooyin gaar ah
Qeybta 1: Saldhigga Wax-soo-saarka Indhaha ee Shiinaha
Aan ku bilowno qodobka koowaad, saldhigga ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha.
Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob aan dhamaystirnayn, waxaa jira ilaa 6,000 oo warshadood oo muraayadaha indhaha ah iyo in ka badan 30,000 oo tafaariiqda muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha, oo ah waddanka ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka, soo dejinta, iyo dhoofinta muraayadaha indhaha iyo muraayadaha.Qaybinta soosaarayaasha muraayadaha Shiinaha ayaa ah mid xoog leh, inta badan shan gobol:Shenzhen ee Guangdong;Xiamen ee Fujian;Wenzhou ee Zhejiang;Danyang ee Jiangsu iyo Yingtan ee Jiangxi.4-tii gobol ee hore waa saldhigyo wax soo saar oo muddo dheer soo jiray, ka ugu dambeeyana waa goob cusub oo soo ifbaxday sannadihii u dambeeyay, kuwaas oo dhammaantood haysta taageero dhinaca warshadaha ah oo baaxad weyn.
1.Shenzhen Henggangwaxaa la soo saaray iyada oo la wareegtay guuritaanka gudaha ee warshadaha indho-xidhka Hong Kong.Ka dib 30 sano oo horumarineed, Henggang wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah saldhigyada wax soo saarka indhaha ee Shiinaha iyo saldhigga ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka ee caanka ah ee dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa sare ee caanka ah.Dhamaadka 2020, Henggang waxa ay leedahay in ka badan 800 oo muraayado soo saara iyo shirkado suuq gayn ah, iyada oo wadarta wax soo saarka sannadlaha ah in ka badan 125 milyan oo lammaane ah, oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 20% wadarta wax soo saarka qaranka.Wax soo saarka muraayadaha indhaha ee heerka sare ah sida caag, biraha birta, iyo fiilooyinka titanium ayaa ah 70% wax soo saarka caalamiga ah, iyo 95% badeecadaha ayaa loo dhoofiyaa adduunka oo dhan si ay u noqdaan saldhig muhiim u ah dhoofinta muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha. .Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, alaab-qeybiyaha muraayadaha Henggang ayaa beddelaya qaabkooda ganacsi iyo falsafadooda, beddelka iyo cusboonaysiinta warshadahooda, kaliya maaha wax soo saarka OEM iyo OEM ee noocyada muraayadaha indhaha ee raaxada ee caalamiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay abuuraan magacyadooda iyada oo loo marayo isbeddel farsamo iyo R&D, qorshaynta baakadaha sumadda shirkadaha.
2.Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, warshadaha indho-shareerka ee Shiinaha ayaa si xawli ah u horumaray, iyada oo wax-soo-saarka iyo iibinta ay kor u kacday sannadba sannadka ka dambeeya.Shiinuhu waxa uu noqday wadan wayn oo wax soo saara muraayadaha indhaha laga dhoofiyo, sidoo kale waa wadan aad looga isticmaalo.IyoXiamenwaxay noqotay saldhigga wax soo saarka muraayadaha muraayadaha ee gudaha.Guddoomiye ku xigeenka ururka Xiamen Optical Industry Association ayaa sheegay in dhoofinta muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha iyo qaybahooda ay gaarayaan in ka badan $5.6 bilyan sanadka 2019, taasoo kor u kacday 2.8% sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in Xiamen uu leeyahay aasaas warshadeed oo wanaagsan.Xiamen waxay ku dhowdahay Taiwan, Dhammaadkii 80-meeyadii, ganacsatada Taiwan waxay maal-galiyeen Xiamen, Xiamen wuxuu sidoo kale si tartiib tartiib ah u qabtay warshadaha muraayadaha Taiwan.Ka dib ku dhawaad 30 sano ee horumarinta, Xiamen waxa uu noqday saldhig wax soo saarka muraayadaha gudaha, ilaa hadda waxa uu horumariyo silsilad warshadaha buuxa daboolaya muraayadaha, loox indhaha, iyo kooxda brand lenses, alaabta la xidhiidha mashquulin in ka badan 70% suuqa gudaha.Calaamadda Xiamen waxay noqotay hab-dhaqanka moodada gudaha, saamaynta caalamiga ahna waa sii kordhaysaa.
3. Ilaa 1990-meeyadii,Wenzhou warshadaha dharka indhahawuxuu bilaabay inuu kobciyo horumarinta, 1993, Yurub indhaha, mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu waaweyn ee Yurub, ayaa u yimid Wenzhou si ay u iibsadaan, laga bilaabo markaas albaabka u furay dhoofinta Wenzhou ee warshadaha indhaha, iyada oo ku biiritaanka Shiinaha ee WTO, Wenzhou warshadaha indhashareer ushered. xilli horumar degdeg ah.Warshadaha indhaha ayaa sidoo kale noqday mid ka mid ah lixda tiir ee warshadaha ee Wenzhou.
Qarnigii 21-aad, muraayadaha indhaha ee Wenzhou ayaa galay marxalad cusub oo horumarineed, iyo si loo gaaro boodbood tayo leh.Wax soo saarka muraayadaha indhaha ayaa bilaabay in la bilaabo, qalabka muraayadaha, qalabka muraayadaha indhaha, muraayadaha muraayadaha, electroplating, iwm. ayaa sameeyay silsilad warshadeed oo ballaaran, tayada shirkadaha ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loo hagaajiyay, warshado badan oo muraayado ah ayaa asal ahaan ka tagay aqoon-is-weydaarsiga qoyska- model wax soo saarka gacanta style, iyo si tartiib tartiib ah jihada of baaxad weyn, degdeg ah, shirkadaha casriga ah, samaynta silsilad dhamaystiran warshadaha cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta, design, wax soo saarka, iibka oo dhan.2019, Wenzhou waxay leedahay muraayado iyo ganacsiyo la xidhiidha kor iyo hoosba in ka badan 500, shaqaaleysiinta in ka badan 60,000 oo qof, 56 shirkadood oo ka sarreeya miisaanka, oo leh wax soo saar sanadle ah oo ka badan 10 bilyan yuan.
Kadib 2020, qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha heer sare ah ayaa ku dadaalaya cusboonaysiinta warshadaha labaad ee ODM iyo OCM, kuwaas oo ay kaxeeyeen macaamiisha baahida naqshad gaar ah oo aad u wanaagsan oo noocyo badan oo badan ah.Si aad u hesho fursada weyn ee horumarinta, sidaDhererka indhaha, xitaa waxay ka dhistay xarun naqshadeynta Shanghai, magaalada ugu moodada Shiinaha.Iyada oo leh kartida naqshadaynta caalamiga ah, dhaqanka sumadda waa la dhammaystiri karaa fahamka iyo waxyaabo badan oo moodada ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu dhex daray naqshadda alaabta.Dhanka kale, injineernimada iyo faa'iidada kharashka ayaa weli ah saldhigga muhiimka ah ee moodooyinka cusub ee soo koraya.
4.DanyangMagaaladu waxay leedahay in ka badan 2,000 warshadood oo muraayado ah oo ku hawlan warshadaha indho-xidhka iyo tas-hiilaadka taageerada ee la xidhiidha, oo ay ka shaqeeyaan ilaa 60,000 oo qof.Waxaa loo yaqaan "magaalada uu ku dhashay ee muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha".Danyang sidoo kale waa saldhigga ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka muraayadaha ee Shiinaha, boqollaal milyan oo muraayadaha indhaha ayaa laga soo raray halkan adduunka oo dhan.Sida laga soo xigtay agaasime ku xigeenka xafiiska horumarinta dhaqaalaha Danyang, ka dib markii in ka badan 40 sano oo isdhexgalka iyo horumarinta, ay wax soo saarka ay daboolayaan dhammaan beeraha lens warshadaha, iyadoo wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah ee in ka badan 100 million frames, xisaabinta qiyaastii saddex-meelood meel ee qaranka. wadarta guud, iyo wax soo saarka sanadlaha ah 400 milyan oo lenses, waa saldhigga ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka ee muraayadaha indhaha adduunka, xarunta ugu weyn ee qaybinta alaabta muraayadaha ee Asia iyo saldhigga wax soo saarka ee muraayadaha indhaha ee Shiinaha.Sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah "Kutlada Warshadaha ee ugu sarreeya 100 ee Shiinaha".
5.YinganMagaaladu waa saldhig wax soo saar cusub oo Shiinaha sannadihii dhawaa.Waagii hore, badi dadka maxalliga ahi waxay inta badan ku hawlan yihiin tafaariiqda muraayadaha indhaha ee gudaha iyo ganacsi jumlo ah.Markay horumarayaan, waxay rabaan inay yeeshaan warshado iyaga u gaar ah.Waxayna dawladda hoose siisay siyaasad door ah oo badan si ay u soo jiidato maalgashadayaasha muraayadaha indhaha iyo kuwa soo saaraha ka ah magaalada kale ee muraayadaha.Qaar ka mid ah warshadda waaweyn ee Shenzhen iyo Wenzhou waxay bilaabeen inay u guuraan qaybo ka mid ah ama xitaa dhammaan khadkooda wax soo saarka ee Yingtan taas oo keeneysa shaqo badan iyo horumarinta fursad.
(In la sii wado…)
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-01-2022