Indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izingubo zamehlo emhlabeni iChina.AmaJapane enza ezinye zezingubo zamehlo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, zingabadwebi beqiniso.I-Italy nayo inhle, kodwa i-China yaba yindawo yokuqala yekhwalithi, intengo, nokuthembeka eminyakeni engu-20 edlule noma ngaphezulu.Abakhiqizi abaningi baseJapan, amaFulentshi namaNtaliyane bonke banabalingani noma amahhovisi eChina.Umkhiqizi we-acetate odumile wase-Italy i-Mazzucelli, asebenza kakhulu yi-….. I-China.Ihhovisi elikhulu le-OBE kanye ne-comotech hinges laseJalimane lise-China, abahlinzeki belensi abakhulu i-Zeiss, i-Sola, i-PPG, i-Essilor bonke bazinze manje e-China.
Zonke izinto zokwakha, izinsiza, imishini kanye nonjiniyela manje sebeseShayina, ngeke ukuphike lokho.Noma kusekhona ukuhlangana okubi kwezimpahla zaseShayina ezenziwe ngeshibhile, iqiniso liwukuthi i-China yenza i-iPhone, yenza imikhiqizo ethuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni futhi yonke i-ecosystem ikhona futhi akekho ongayihlula.
Akungabazeki ukuthi abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi kufanele baye eShayina bayothola umphakeli wezibuko zamehlo noma ifektri ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezikhulayo zezwe labo kusukela kuyo yonke iminyaka esikhathini sedijithali esikhulayo.Kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi ungayithola kanjani efanele?Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobhubhane, abakwazi ukuya eChina ukuyothola abahlinzeki abahle.Akekho ongasho ukuthi bonke abahlinzeki base-China baphelele futhi bathembekile.
Ukuze kube usizo kakhulu kubantu abaningi abafuna ukungena ebhizinisini lezingubo zamehlo futhi abafuna ukuqonda imboni yezingubo zamehlo zaseShayina,I-Hisight Opticalizokwenza incazelo evamile ekulandeleni izindatshana ezimbalwa zemboni yezingubo zamehlo zaseShayina iyonke ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yokuhlangenwe nakho nokuqonda kwemboni, futhi ngethemba, kuzosiza kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ukuthola umenzi ofanele wemikhiqizo yezingubo zamehlo kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa akudingekile ukuba kube njalo.Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ongahamba ngazo ekutholeni umphakeli wakho we-Unicorn
Mhlawumbe isizathu esiyinhloko esenza abantu bangazikhiqizi izingubo zamehlo e-China ukuthi abazi ukuthi bangathola kanjani umakhi ofanele wezingubo zamehlo abazidingayo.Bangase babeokhathazekile ngekhwalithi, izinqubo zokukhokha, ukuthobela umphakathi, isitifiketi se-ISO, njll. futhi kufanele, kodwa lokhu kukhathazeka kulula ukukuqeda uma wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-China kuvame ukugxila kakhulu ezifundeni ezithile zemikhiqizo ethile
Ingxenye 1: I-China Eyewear Industrial Production Base
Ake siqale ngephuzu lokuqala, isizinda esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwezingubo zamehlo e-China.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, kunabakhiqizi bezingilazi ababalelwa ku-6 000 kanye nezitolo zamehlo ezingaphezu kuka-30,000 eChina, okuyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke ngokukhiqiza, ukungenisa, nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezibuko zamehlo nezibuko.Ukusatshalaliswa kwabakhiqizi bezingilazi baseChina kugxile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinhlanu:I-Shenzhen yaseGuangdong;u-Xiamen waseFujian;Wenzhou of Zhejiang;U-Danyang wase-Jiangsu no-Yingtan wase-Jiangxi.Izifunda ezi-4 zangaphambili ziyizisekelo zokukhiqiza isikhathi eside kanti esokugcina yindawo entsha ezayo eminyakeni yamuva, zonke ezinokwesekwa okuphelele kwezimboni futhi zenze isilinganiso esikhulu.
1.Shenzhen Henggangyathuthukiswa ngokuthatha izintambo zokuthuthwa kwangaphakathi kwemboni yezingubo zamehlo zaseHong Kong.Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-30 yentuthuko, i-Henggang isibe ngesinye sezisekelo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza i-eyewear e-China kanye nesizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza semikhiqizo yamehlo edumile ephakathi nendawo neyezinga eliphezulu.Ekupheleni kuka-2020, iHenggang inamabhizinisi akhiqiza izingilazi angaphezu kuka-800 kanye nokuthengisa, anesamba esiphuma minyaka yonke samapheya angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-125, okubalelwa ku-20% wesamba somkhiqizo kazwelonke.Ukukhiqizwa kwamafreyimu engilazi yamehlo asezingeni eliphezulu afana namafreyimu enjoloba, amafreyimu ensimbi, namafreyimu e-titanium kubala u-70% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke, futhi u-95% wemikhiqizo ithunyelwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze ibe isizinda esibalulekile sokuthunyelwa kwezibuko zamehlo e-China. .Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umphakeli wezibuko ze-Henggang bebelokhu beshintsha imodeli yebhizinisi nefilosofi yabo, beguqula futhi bethuthukisa imboni yabo, akuseyona kuphela i-OEM ne-OEM ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yeglasi yamazwe ngamazwe kanokusho, kodwa futhi nokudala imikhiqizo yabo ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-R&D, ukuhlela ukupakishwa komkhiqizo. ezamabhizinisi.
2. Eminyakeni yakamuva, imboni yezingubo zamehlo yaseShayina ithuthuke ngokushesha, njengoba ukukhiqizwa nokuthengisa kukhuphuka unyaka nonyaka.I-China isiyizwe elikhulu lokukhiqiza nokuthekelisa izibuko zamehlo, futhi libe yizwe elikhulu elisetshenziswayo.FuthiXiamenisiphenduke isizinda sokukhiqiza izibuko zelanga.Iphini likamongameli we-Xiamen Optical Industry Association uthe ukuthunyelwa kwezibuko zamehlo eChina kanye nezingxenye zazo kufinyelele ngaphezu kwe- $ 5.6 billion ngo-2019, kwenyuke ngo-2.8% unyaka nonyaka.Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-Xiamen inesisekelo esihle sezimboni zezingubo zamehlo.I-Xiamen iseduze neTaiwan, Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, osomabhizinisi baseTaiwan batshala imali e-Xiamen, i-Xiamen nayo yaqala kancane kancane imboni yezibuko yaseTaiwan.Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30 yentuthuko, i-Xiamen isiphenduke isizinda sokukhiqiza izibuko zelanga zasekhaya, kuze kube manje isisungule uchungechunge olugcwele lwemboni olumboza izibuko zelanga, amafreyimu okukhanya, neqembu lamalensi, imikhiqizo ehlobene ithatha ngaphezu kuka-70% emakethe yasekhaya.I-Xiamen brand isiphenduke i-trendsetter yasekhaya, futhi ithonya lamazwe ngamazwe liyanda.
3. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, iImboni yezingubo zamehlo e-Wenzhouyaqala ukukhulisa ukuthuthukiswa, ngo-1993, i-Europe Optical, enye yezinkampani ezinkulu zaseYurophu zezingubo zamehlo, yafika e-Wenzhou ukuzothenga, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke kwavula umnyango wokuthunyelwa kwe-Wenzhou eyewear industry, ngokungena kweChina ku-WTO, imboni yezingubo zamehlo yaseWenzhou yaqala. esikhathini sokuthuthuka okusheshayo.Imboni ye-optical isiphenduke enye yezimboni zezinsika eziyisithupha e-Wenzhou.
Ngekhulu lama-21, izibuko ze-Wenzhou zaba esigabeni esisha sokuthuthuka, kanye nokuzuza ukugxuma kwekhwalithi.Ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo zamehlo kwaqala ukuqala, izesekeli zezibuko, okokusebenza kwengilazi yamehlo, isikhunta sezibuko, i-electroplating, njll. kuye kwakha uchungechunge lwezimboni ezinkulu zezingubo zamehlo, futhi ikhwalithi yamabhizinisi nayo ithuthukiswe kakhulu, abakhiqizi abaningi bezingilazi bashiye ngokuyisisekelo indawo yokusebenzela yomndeni- imodeli yokukhiqiza yesitayela, futhi kancane kancane ibheke ekuqondeni kwamabhizinisi amakhulu, amakhulu, anamuhla, ukwakheka kochungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni zocwaningo nentuthuko, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kukonke.Ngo-2019, i-Wenzhou inezibuko kanye namabhizinisi ahlobene akhuphuka nomfula angaphezu kuka-500, aqasha abantu abangaphezu kuka-60,000, amabhizinisi angama-56 ngaphezu kwesikali, anenani lonyaka eliphumayo elingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-10 zamayuan.
Ngemuva kuka-2020, abakhiqizi abathile abahle kakhulu balwela ukuthuthukiswa kwesibili kwezimboni ku-ODM ne-OCM, okususwe ekufuneni kwamakhasimende ekuklanyweni okuyingqayizivele nokuhle kakhulu kwemikhiqizo eyengeziwe.Ukuze ubambe ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthuka, njengokuthiI-Hisight Optical, yaze yamisa isikhungo sokuklama e-Shanghai, idolobha lemfashini kunawo wonke e-China.Ngamakhono omklamo wamazwe ngamazwe, isiko lomkhiqizo lingaqedwa ukuqonda futhi izici zemfashini ezengeziwe zihlanganiswe ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo.Ngaleso sikhathi, inzuzo yobunjiniyela nezindleko kuseyisisekelo esibalulekile samamodeli amasha asathuthuka.
4.I-DanyangIDolobha linamafekthri engilazi angaphezu kuka-2,000 asebenza embonini yezingubo zamehlo nezinsiza ezihambisana nawo, aqashe abantu ababalelwa ku-60,000.Yaziwa ngokuthi “idolobha lasekhaya lezibuko zaseChina”.I-Danyang futhi iyisizinda sokukhiqiza amalensi esikhulu kunazo zonke e-China, futhi amakhulu ezigidi zamalensi athunyelwa esuka lapha eya emhlabeni wonke.Ngokusho kwesekela lomqondisi we-Danyang Economic Development Bureau, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 yokuhlanganiswa nokuthuthukiswa, imikhiqizo yayo ihlanganisa yonke imboni ye-lens, ngokukhishwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamafreyimu angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100, ebalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezwe lonke. inani, kanye nomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamalensi ayizigidi ezingama-400, iyisizinda sokukhiqiza ingilazi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, isikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokusabalalisa imikhiqizo yengilazi yamehlo e-Asia kanye nesizinda sokukhiqiza izibuko eChina.Futhi ingelinye “Lamaqoqo Ezimboni Eziyi-100 Aphezulu e-China”.
5.YingtanIdolobha liyisizinda esisha sokukhiqiza eChina eminyakeni yamuva nje.Esikhathini esedlule, iningi labantu bendawo lizibandakanya kakhulu ebhizinisini lezitolo zasekhaya kanye nezitolo ezinkulu.Ngokuthuthuka kwabo, bafuna ukuba nezimboni zabo.Futhi uhulumeni wasekhaya unikeza inqubomgomo eminingi yokukhetha ukuheha abatshalizimali bezingubo zamehlo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela kwelinye idolobha lezibuko.Ifekthri ethile enkulu evela e-Shenzhen nase-Wenzhou yaqala ukuhambisa izingxenye ezithile noma ngisho nawo wonke ulayini wayo wokukhiqiza iye e-Yingtan okuletha umsebenzi omningi kanye nethuba lokuthuthukisa.
(Kuzoqhutshwa…)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-01-2022